In the past two years, companies that have announced the launch of self-owned brand cars have rushed in, including joint ventures such as FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC, GAC, BAIC and Changan, as well as national brands such as Chery, Geely, Great Wall, BYD, etc., as well as Jianghuai, Southeast, etc. By. For a time, there is no independent brand that seems to be a symbol of the strength of an automobile company. However, behind these increasingly beautiful appearances and the level of international design, the overall R&D strength of China's auto industry is still worrying, especially in terms of core technology.
How much gold content does your own brand have?
For Dongfeng Motor Co., one of China's three major automakers, it may not be too prudent to officially launch the first self-owned sedan "Aeolus S30" recently.
Liu Zhonghou, manufacturing director of Dongfeng Passenger Vehicle Co., Ltd. frankly stated that this is a “treasure†product, and many backbone R&D personnel are drawn from Dongfeng’s joint venture. At present, the "Aeolus S30" matches the PSA engine. In the future, there are also some commercial vehicles that are ready to use the Nissan engine. For automatic transmissions, Toyota Aisin is used. He said that after relying on technology integration to launch the car, the company will launch a self-developed engine and transmission within a few years.
In fact, domestic independent brand cars are equipped with engines and gearboxes imported from abroad, and have long been the industry's embarrassment.
On the one hand, after more than 40 years of development and accumulation and nearly 20 years of open cooperation, domestic auto companies have mastered most of the technologies of automobile production; on the other hand, the most core and most profitable technologies are still in the hands of others. Despite the rapid sales growth of the Department's domestic market in the first half of this year, its profit performance is not optimistic. At present, except for a few models that have been built in the market of over 100,000 yuan, most of the independent brands have performed flat. In the mid-to-high end market, the most lucrative market for automobiles, there are data that shows that a certain Japanese car manufacturer is several times more profitable than a self-owned brand that sells several times, which is enough to show the difference between the two.
What is more serious is that as the price of joint venture brands is lowered and the importance attached to the market of small cars and mini vehicles is taken into account, the space for self-owned brand cars to seek survival in differentiated markets is narrowing. When the price range of “Aeolus S30†was announced, many industry experts were surprised: In the original position, the top price was marked with a price within 100,000 yuan. Senior automotive media commentator Zhongpeng Chi said that it is clear that the confidence of China's own-brand sedan to enter the high-end market is still not enough.
Loss of processing foundation delays the process of qualitative change in the industry
Zhang Yijun, chief engineer of Dongfeng Motor’s technical center, said that for a long time, local governments across the country have been rushing to complete vehicle production projects, neglecting the development of parts and components industry, and not extending the industrial chain, which essentially abandons the basis of processing technology. . He took an example to analyze that the high-speed solenoid valve, an important component of the car, has been studied, but it does not have enough processing capacity and high-level electronic control equipment, or can't do it. There is no way to produce high levels of friction materials, automatic parts, etc. because the formula is not available and it needs to be imported from Europe.
Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co., Ltd. was honored as a model for the "national core" of China's internal combustion engines. Zhuo Bin, dean of the Yuchai Engineering Research Institute, said that, like the emission standards for the automotive industry, Chinese enterprises are restricted from Europe 1 to Europe 3, and they must not Do not buy imported production lines and technologies in large quantities. Before the domestic companies digested and absorbed, the foreign countries have now proposed the Euro 4 standard, and the Euro 5 standard has already been researched and developed. This will inevitably lead to the problem of purchasing a large number of technologies again from abroad. The root cause lies in the fact that basic research is not solid.
Xu Yonghong, the head of the vehicle design department of the Dongfeng Motor Company Technical Center responsible for the electric vehicle project, said that China's R&D of electric vehicles has found that certain parts and components can only be found in domestic ones, which is definitely unfavorable for the entire industry. The quality and price will be affected. For example, the motor products of Beijing Zhongpin Ruili Co., Ltd. accounted for about 80% of the domestic motor industry's market share.
Chen Jianxian, deputy dean of the Dongfeng Automobile Engineering Research Institute, said that after the war in Japan, there was a car revitalization bill, first of all being the parts and components industry. With this foundation, after supporting American companies, the Japanese auto companies' vehicle production has been built more smoothly. When Dongfeng produces its own trucks, almost all its parts and components are produced by itself and the laboratories are on their side, but now they are purchased except for the assembly and body factories.
Hu Shuhua, a well-known automotive research expert and professor at Wuhan University of Technology, said that even if it is the joint venture company with the strongest strength in the automotive industry in China, the industrial chain is incomplete, and there are only two stages of manufacturing and sales, and there is no product data development, product data development and engineering. Data develops these core contents, and most of them are operated overseas. Although domestic auto parts have begun to export a lot, they are still a manufacturing industry. The core technology is that of others.
Integrating resources requires government guidance
Relative to foreign counterparts, the country’s investment in R&D for cars is not small, and it is too small to be assigned to each company. Taking electric vehicles as an example, during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Science and Technology approved 880 million yuan in project funding and involved nearly 100 enterprises. Although the funding for the project during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period has increased to 1.2 billion yuan, there are more than 200 participating enterprises. The share is even less.
Tang Xianyun, manager of Yuchai’s Planning Department, said that at present, some governments and the general public have too high expectations for the effectiveness of scientific research. Hybrid vehicles such as Japan's Toyota began to enter the market in 1997, but it took more than 10 years of R&D time in the early stage. At present, there is not much difference in the level of research and development of new energy vehicles at home and abroad. The call for industrialization as soon as possible is high, but in fact there are still many technical problems that have not been solved. This requires the support and understanding of relevant departments.
Zhang Yijun believes that the gap in R&D in the domestic automotive industry lies in testing methods. The total investment for a technology center is 340 million yuan, and a complete set of test equipment and testing grounds also cost so much money. Currently, there are only 3 companies that produce test equipment in the world. It is not appropriate for companies to invest in them. If we go out and buy these equipments for the development of self-owned brands, we should regard it as a purchase of national strategic equipment and enjoy a certain tax exemption policy, which cannot be equated with general import equipment.
According to reports, the characteristics of materials have a great influence on the use of automobiles. However, the current domestic material characteristic analysis data and basic data are incomplete, and they can only meet the needs of one-tenth of the automotive companies at most. Because these data need to be done, they consume time and cost. In terms of manpower and money, there is no input.
As Dongfeng cooperates with China University of Science and Technology to research and develop high-speed tensile materials, the quotation for the other party is 300,000 yuan, while steel mills have given 50 materials for selection, which means that only 15 million yuan will be needed for this investment. In Japan, South Korea, and other countries, this investment comes out of the country and organizes the industry to form shared data. This practice is worth our country's reference.
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