Safety regulations for metal non-metal open pit mines (1)

National Technical Supervision Bureau approved by 1996-06-14
1 Subject Matter and Scope This standard specifies safety requirements and industrial hygiene requirements of open-pit mining open pit mines of metal non-metal, hydraulic mining and mining ship in the mining, transport, earthmoving, waterproofing and drainage and fire protection, electrical and so on.
This standard applies to the design, construction and production of metal non-metallic open pit mines within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
This standard does not apply to open-pit mines for facing construction materials.

2 Reference standard GB 5748 Workplace air dust determination method GB 5749 Drinking water sanitation standard GB 6722 Blasting safety regulations GB 12141 Freight aerial tramway safety code GB 13349 Large blasting safety regulations GB 14161 Mine safety sign GB 16424 Metal non-metallic underground mine safety Procedure GBJ 70 Mine Power Plant Design Specification GA 53 Safety Technical Assessment Standard for Blasting Workers TJ 36 Industrial Enterprise Design Hygiene Standard

3 term metal non-metal open pit mine metal and nonmetal opencast mines
Mining metallic ores, and radioactive ore as chemical raw materials, building materials, auxiliary materials, refractory materials and other non-metallic minerals (except coal char) in open pit mines.

4 Management 4.1 Mining enterprises and their competent departments must implement the safety production policy of “safety first, prevention first”, and gradually realize scientific and standardized safety management; plan, arrange, inspect, summarize and evaluate production and construction work. At the same time, it is necessary to plan, arrange, inspect, summarize, and evaluate safety work.
4.2 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the safety production responsibility system.
The mine manager is responsible for the safe production of the mine. [next]
The principal responsible persons at all levels are responsible for the safety production work of the unit, and their technical leaders are responsible for the safety and technical work of the unit.
The functional agencies at all levels are responsible for the safe production of their functional areas.
4.3 Mining enterprises shall establish and improve safety and health institutions, ventilation and dustproof professional teams or full-time safety personnel.
4.4 The mine manager must undergo safety training and assessment, have safety expertise, and have the ability to lead safe production and handle mine accidents.
Mine enterprise safety workers and ventilation and dustproof professionals must have professional knowledge for practical work experience in the mine.
4.5 Mining enterprises should earnestly do a good job in safety production and labor protection education, popularize knowledge of safety knowledge and safety regulations, and conduct technical and business training. Employees are qualified to pass the examination. All cadres and workers shall receive at least 20 hours of safety education each year and at least once every three years.
The new workers must carry out three levels of safety education for mines, pits (shops) and teams at no less than 40 hours. After passing the examinations, they will be led by the old workers for at least 4 months. They are familiar with the operation techniques of this type of work and passed the examination before they can be independent. jobs.
Personnel who change jobs must be educated and trained in the safety of new positions.
Participate in labor, visits, and interns, and must conduct safety education before going to the mine, and have a special person to lead.
Mines should establish and improve safety education rooms.
4.6 Special operations personnel, key personnel, important equipment and facilities operators must undergo special safety education and technical training. After passing the examination and obtaining the operation qualification certificate or license, they are allowed to go to work. Personnel training, assessment, certification, and review shall be carried out in accordance with relevant state regulations.
4.7 Critical positions, important equipment and facilities, and hazardous areas should be strictly managed.
4.8 Open-pit mining shall have mining survey and geological catalogue documents, various measured maps, and mining designs approved according to national procedures and authority.
The feasibility study report and overall design of the construction project must demonstrate the safety conditions of the mine. The preliminary design must have a safety and health monograph and should be used throughout the professional design.
4.9 While preparing the annual production construction plan and long-term development plan, the mining enterprise and its competent authorities must prepare safety and sanitary engineering technical measures and plans, and extract and use the special cost of safety technical measures according to national regulations. This fee must be used to improve the safe production conditions of the mine and must not be used for other purposes.
4.10 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the safety production post responsibility system and post technical operation procedures, and strictly implement the duty system and handover system.
4.11 Mining enterprises shall establish and improve the safety activity day system and conscientiously implement the safety inspection system.
The competent department of the mining enterprise shall inspect the mine to which it belongs at least once a year, and the mine shall be inspected at least once a quarter, and the pit (workshop) shall be inspected at least once a month.
When inspecting, there should be leaders in charge of safety work. For the hidden dangers of accidents and dust hazards, the relevant departments should be instructed to solve the problem within a time limit.
4.12 Mining enterprises must distribute labor protection articles to employees according to regulations, and employees must wear and use labor protection supplies and utensils as required.
4.13 Mining enterprises shall establish an ambulance and medical emergency organization consisting of full-time or part-time personnel, equipped with necessary equipment, equipment and drugs; and shall conduct self-help and mutual rescue training for employees every year. [next]
4.14 In the event of casualties or other major accidents in the mining enterprise, the mine manager or his agent must immediately go to the scene to direct the organization to rescue and take effective measures to prevent the accident from expanding.
For casualties, it must be truthfully reported to the competent labor administrative department and the competent department of the mining enterprise.
After the accident, it is necessary to investigate and analyze in time to find out the cause of the accident and propose measures to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents.

5 Basic provisions 5.1 All safety, dustproof, drainage equipment and facilities of the mine and all mechanical and electrical equipment protection devices shall not be arbitrarily removed without the permission of the competent department (office or room).
5.2 The mine (rock) column retained by the design shall not be mined or destroyed within the prescribed time limit.
5.3 Mining and stripping operations shall not cause water damage to deep mining or adjacent mines.
Open pit mines, especially deep open pit mines, must be equipped with special flood control and flood discharge facilities.
5.4 near the mine railway construction of building structures, spanning mining railways, bridges and culverts across the roadbed or erection of wires and pipes in construction and temporary railway near the mine, are subject to prior consent of mine safety and transportation departments have agreed, and to develop construction safety measures .
5.5 When stacking items on mine railways or roads, stacking should be stable, and the distance between the edge of the piled objects and the railway building should not be less than 0.75m; the distance from the edge of the road surface should not be less than 1m (if the road has When the side groove is used, the distance from the outside of the side groove shall not be less than 0.5m).
5.6 No one shall move or destroy the measurement base point of the mine without authorization; when moving or scrapping, it shall be approved by the mine geological survey department and approved by the mine manager or chief engineer.
5.7 When the open pit mine meets one of the following conditions, it may be equipped with means of transport to and from work;
a. From the place where the commuters are concentrated to the main working place of the open pit (or workshop), the distance is more than 3000m;
b. The vertical depth of the open pit mine exceeds 100m;
c. The vertical height of the hillside open pit mine is greater than 150m.
5.8 Self-unloading dump trucks, dump trucks and cranes for non-carrying aerial ropeways shall not be used by personnel. When transporting personnel using lifting equipment, the relevant provisions of GB 16424 must be observed.
5.9 Before the operation, the work site must be carefully checked to confirm that the electrical, mechanical equipment, tools and protective facilities are in a safe state.
When the working face finds suspended large ore rock or residual or blind cannon, it must be dealt with in time, and corresponding safety measures must be taken when handling. When there is a sign of landslide in the stope or dumping site, the operation of the dangerous area should be stopped, the personnel should be evacuated, the personnel and vehicles should be prohibited, and the relevant departments of the mine should handle it in time.
5.10 Drills, wells, caves, pits, mud pools and water tanks that are dangerous to fall into the open pit mine shall be covered or fenced and shall be clearly marked and illuminated. [next]
5.11 In the event of heavy fog, gun smoke, dust fog and poor lighting, which may affect visibility, or may not be able to adhere to normal production due to the danger of storm, snow or lightning strikes, stop operation immediately; when threatening personal safety, personnel should be transferred to a safe place. .
5.12 When working at a height of 2m or more (including 2m) from the descent height reference surface, it is necessary to wear a safety belt or set up safety nets, guardrails and other protective facilities.
When working in a high place, it is strictly forbidden to throw objects; it is strictly prohibited to double-layer work in the vertical direction.
In the case of strong winds of more than six levels, lifting and high-altitude operations in the open air are prohibited.
5.13 The equipment's walkway, ladder, floor and the place where personnel are notified and operated shall be kept clean and advertised safely.
It is not allowed to store sundries in the ceiling of the equipment, and the stones above should be removed in time.
5.14 Open pits must have access roads and should have safety signs and lighting.
A ladder or step (step) with handrails may be provided between adjacent stages for pedestrian access. When the lower part of the ladder is adjacent to the railway, a safety barrier should be placed near the boundary of the building. When the pedestrian passage between adjacent stages approaches the railway, the edge of the railway building shall not invade the railway building close to the limit of 0.5 m. When approaching the road, it shall be located outside the road shoulder.
5.15 For mining, transportation, earthmoving or other equipment, when the main switch is powered, powered off or started, the operator must call the response to confirm that it is correct.
5.16 The use of mining, transportation and other mechanical equipment must comply with the following regulations:
a. When the equipment is in operation, personnel are prohibited from overhauling, filling and cleaning the rotating production points;
b. When the equipment moves, it is forbidden for people to go up and down, and no one may stay or pass in places where the personnel may be endangered;
c. When the operation is terminated, the power supply must be cut off and the water and gas valves must be closed.
5.17 The service equipment shall be carried out after the start-up device is turned off, the power supply is cut off, and the equipment is completely stopped. The guardrail should be placed in close proximity to the running parts of the equipment and the live parts. At the time of cutting off the power supply, the power switch must be locked or set up by a special person, and the warning sign "someone is working, no power is allowed" should be hung.
5.18 The power supply cable of open-pit mining equipment must be kept well insulated and must not be in contact with metal pipes (lines) and conductive materials. When crossing roads and railways, protective measures must be taken.
5.19 Power-driven rigs , excavators and locomotives must be provided with intact insulating gloves, insulated boots, insulating tools and equipment. Insulation protective equipment and tools must be used as required for power outages, power transmissions, and moving cables.
5.20 When the equipment such as mining and transportation passes under the overhead power line, the distance between the top end and the overhead power line shall comply with the following requirements:
a. Below 3kV, not less than 1.5m;
b. 3kV~10kV, not less than 2.0m;
c. Above 10kV, not less than 3.0m.
5.21 Wet work should be preferred for open pit mining. Dust-preventing and dust-producing equipment should adopt comprehensive dust-proof technical measures.
5.22 The mining equipment of the deep open pit mine and the driver's cab of the mining dump truck shall be equipped with air-conditioning devices to prohibit window opening operations.
5.23 Open-pit blasting operations must comply with GB 6722 and GB13349. A sturdy personnel refuge facility must be set up at the blasting site. The location, structure and demolition time should be specified in the mining plan and approved by the mine manager or chief engineer.
5.24 Before blasting, mobile equipment such as drilling rigs and excavators should be taken to a safe place and the power supply should be cut off.
5.25 The fixed air compressor station of the open pit should be placed outside the blasting danger boundary. The compressed air duct leading to the open pit can be laid along the ground. [next]

6 Safety requirements for the 6.1 phase of open pit mining 6.1.1 The height of the phase shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.

Table 1 Determination of stage height

If the stage height exceeds the requirements of Table 1, it must be technically demonstrated and approved by the competent authority on the premise of ensuring safety.
6.1.2 When the excavator or front-loading machine is installed, the height of the explosion should not exceed 1.5 times the maximum excavation height of the machine.
6.1.3 During manual mining, the slope angle of the working stage shall comply with the requirements of Table 2.

Table 2 Determination of the slope angle of the working stage

6.1.4 The final slope angle of the non-working phase and the width of the minimum working platform shall be specified in the design.
Mining and transportation equipment, transportation lines, power supply and communication lines must be placed within the stable range of the working platform.
The distance from the edge of the explosion to the centerline of the quasi-rail railway shall be not less than 2.5 m; the distance to the center line of the narrow-gauge railway shall be not less than 2.0 m; the distance to the edge of the road shall be not less than 1 m.
6.2 Perforation operation 6.2.1 When the drilling machine is stable, the minimum distance from the jack to the edge line of the stage: 1m for the trolley, 2.5m for the roller drill, down-the-hole drill and steel rope impact drill. It is forbidden to place stones under the jack. [next]
When the first row of holes is drilled, the angle between the center axis of the rig and the edge line of the stage shall not be less than 45°.
6.2.2 When the rig is walking near the edge of the stage, it should be checked whether the walking route is safe; the minimum distance from the outside of the trolley to the edge of the stage is 2m, and the outer side of the roller drill, down-the-hole drill and steel rope impact drill The minimum distance from the partial to the edge line is 3m.
6.2.3 The drilling rig should not be used on slopes with a slope of more than 15°; if the slope exceeds 15°, the drill rig must be lowered, directed by a special person, and anti-overturning measures taken.
When the rig is used to lift the rig, non-operators must not stay within the danger zone.
6.2.4 When the last mining belt of the explosion stage is excavated, there shall be no rig operation or stop relative to the first row of holes in the explosion stage on the excavator's working range.
6.3 Shovel loading operation 6.3.1 When two or more excavators work on the same platform, the distance between the excavators: when transporting the vehicle, it shall not be less than 3 times its maximum digging radius and not less than 50 m; locomotive transportation When the time is not less than the length of the two trains.
6.3.2 The excavator working at the same time in two adjacent stages must be staggered by a certain distance along the stage; in the upper stage, the excavator carrying out the auxiliary work of the edge belt must advance the excavator with the maximum excavation radius of 3 times in the lower stage. Distance, not less than 50m.
6.3.3 When the excavator is working, the horizontal distance of the vertical projection of the balance device to the bottom of the stage shall be not less than 1 m.
The location of the operating room should be such that the operator is at a minimum risk.
6.3.4 The excavator must walk within the stable range of the work platform. When the excavator is going up and down, the drive shaft should always be in the downhill direction; the bucket should be unloaded and placed at an appropriate distance from the ground; the cantilever axis should be consistent with the direction of travel.
6.3.5 When excavators pass cables, wind pipes and railway crossings, measures should be taken to protect cables, wind pipes and railway crossings; when walking on soft or muddy roads, measures should be taken to prevent subsidence; Take anti-slip measures.
6.3.6 When excavators and front-loading machines are installed, it is forbidden to pass the bucket from above the vehicle cab.
6.3.7 It is strictly forbidden to adjust the position of the cantilever frame during operation.
6.4 Bulldozer Operation 6.4.1 When the bulldozer is working on an inclined working surface, the maximum allowable working slope should be less than the slope that can be achieved by its technical performance.
6.4.2 When the bulldozer is working, the scraper shall not exceed the edge of the platform. When the bulldozer is less than 5m from the edge of the platform, it must run at a low speed. Do not push the bulldozer back to the edge of the platform.
6.4.3 When the bulldozer is towing a vehicle or other equipment, the following provisions shall be observed:
a. The vehicle or equipment being towed should have a braking system and be operated by someone;
b. The walking speed of the bulldozer shall not exceed 5km/h;
c. When towing vehicles or equipment downhill, it is forbidden to use cable traction;
d. Designate a person to direct. [next]
6.4.4 When the bulldozer is started, it is strictly forbidden for the personnel to work under the body, and no one is allowed to stay near the body. When the bulldozer is walking, it is forbidden to stand on the bulldozer or on the scraper. The driver must not leave the cab when the engine is running and the scraper is raised.
6.4.5 Inspection, lubrication and adjustment of the bulldozer shall be carried out on a level surface. When inspecting the scraper, place it on the backing plate and turn off the engine.
Persons are prohibited from staying on the scraped blade or checking.
6.5 Prevention of stope collapse and slope slippage 6.5.1 Waste roadways, goafs and caves in the mining boundary and in the vicinity of the final slope must be marked on the mine plan in time, and along with the mining operations Carry out and set up obvious signs in time.
6.5.2 Waste ports, goafs and caves within the mining boundary must be processed at least one stage ahead. The construction design shall be prepared before treatment and reported to the competent department for approval.
6.5.3 The work of the stope should be inspected once a quarter, and the high-steep side should be inspected once a month. The unstable section should be inspected in time after the rainstorm, and the abnormality should be dealt with immediately.
6.5.4 When mechanical shovel is installed, the stability of the final slope should be guaranteed, and the number of combined sections should not exceed three.
6.5.5 In the vicinity of the final slope blasting, control blasting and vibration reduction measures must be adopted, and large blasting is strictly prohibited.
6.5.6 For mining operations near the final slope, safety and transportation platforms must be reserved for the width determined by the design. To maintain the safe slope angle of the stage, the bottom of the slope must not be overtaken. When a local slope collapses, it shall promptly report to the relevant competent department and take effective measures.
At the end of each stage of mining, it is necessary to timely clean the loose rock and the pumice on the slope and organize the relevant departments for acceptance.
6.5.7 For non-work aids of transport and pedestrians, safety and stability checks should be carried out on a regular basis. If signs of collapse or slippage are found, safety measures must be taken in a timely manner and reported to the competent authorities.
6.5.8 Measures should be taken to prevent surface water from seeping into the weak layer of the rock mass or directly flushing the slope. When there is an aquifer in the rock mass, the dewatering measures should be taken.
6.5.9 When dumping waste rock in the vicinity of the boundary, the design regulations must be observed to ensure the stability of the slope and prevent the damage of rolling stones and slump.
6.5.10 Large mines or mines with potentially high potential for slopes must establish a sound slope management and inspection system, and strengthen the key parts of the slope and the areas with potential landslide hazards.
6.5.11 Regular observations should be made on the slope. The geodetic survey department shall provide timely information on the slope.
6.6 Combined switch 6.6.1 In the range of rock mass movement in underground mining (including 10~20m protective belt), open mining should not be carried out at the same time.
6.6.2 When mining in the open air and the ground at the same time, the following principles must be observed:
a. The angle of the open slope of a section affected by underground mining shall be appropriately reduced according to the degree of impact;
b. The order of mining in the open and underground sections should be specified in the design to protect the stability of the open pit slope.
6.6.3 When the open air and underground blasting interact, it is forbidden to blast at the same time, and the other party must be notified to withdraw the personnel in the danger zone before blasting.
For large-scale blasting operations, effective safety measures shall be formulated and approved by the mine manager or chief engineer.
6.6.4 When the underground mining is changed to open-pit mining due to the spontaneous combustion of ore, the fire spread, the safe depth of mining, the remaining ore and the thickness of the ore body must be identified in advance, and a written report should be written and reported to the competent department. Approved. [next]
6.6.5 When underground mining is changed to open-pit mining, the location of all underground roadways, goafs and pillars shall be plotted on the mine level and section comparison map. The treatment of underground roadways and goafs should be determined in the design.
6.6.6 When open-pit mining is transferred to underground mining, the upper boundary of underground mining must be determined in the design according to the mining method chosen, or the thickness of the rock pillar.
6.6.7 The design of anti-drainage and drainage for open-pit mining to underground mining must take into account the maximum amount of water in the ground and the short-term maximum runoff caused by concentrated rainfall.
6.7 Stage mining and steep mining 6.7.1 Staged mining shall have safety measures to prevent the rolling stones in the upper expansion and separation section from endangering the normal mining and stripping section in the lower part.
6.7.2 During the steep mining, if the transportation road is arranged on the slope of the combined step or inclined strip, the safety platform of the lower step should be able to catch the blasting block of the above step. [next]
It is strictly forbidden to blast two adjacent combined steps at the same time.
7 Transportation 7.1 Railway transportation 7.1.1 Mine railways shall be equipped with refuge lines and safety lines as required; brake inspection stations shall be set up at appropriate locations to inspect and test trains; vehicles with suspension and parking brakes shall be provided. Required station lines and equipment.
7.1.2 The pull-out line set on the curve must have good conditions for ensuring the safety of the shunting. The distance between the railway centerline of the T-connection and the shunting take-up line to the edge of the roadbed side of the working side shall be not less than 3.5 m, and the shoulder width of the narrow-gauge railway shall be not less than 1 m.
7.1.3 Double guard rails shall be provided in the following locations:
a. Bridges with a total length greater than 10 m and a bridge height greater than 6 m (including overpasses);
b. The distance from the center of the line to the overpass bridge pier is less than 3m.
When the fixed line and the semi-fixed line use the minimum curve radius of Table 3, a single-sided guard rail should be provided inside the curve.

Table 3 Minimum curve radius

Note: Classification of quasi-rail railway electric vehicles and vehicles: one type is locomotive fixed wheelbase ≤ 2.6m, full wheelbase <11m, mine car fixed wheelbase ≤1.8m, full wheelbase <11m; the second type is locomotive fixed axle The distance is ≤2.6m, the full wheelbase is <16m, the fixed wheelbase of the mine car is ≤1.8m, the full wheelbase is <11m; the third type is the fixed wheelbase of the mine car of 1.2m×2, and the full wheelbase is <13m. If the fixed wheelbase of the old and existing vehicles is greater than 2.6m and less than 3m, the second class standard can be referred to.
7.1.4 Crossroads of railways and roads with a large flow of people and traffic density should be three-dimensionally crossed. The level crossing should be on a line that looks good in conditions and meets the requirements of the locomotive and the driver of the car. The level crossing should not be set in the station. For level crossings with poor conditions or large flow density of people (vehicles), automatic crossing signal devices or special guards should be set up.
7.1.5 Electrified railways shall be provided with boundary frames at the railways at the crossings; safety bridges shall be provided at the corresponding parts of the railway and the overpass bridges crossing the railway grid; and two overpass bridges shall be provided to prevent the falling of the mines. Protective net.
7.1.6 Busy crossings, large guarded bridges and structures, and landslides and rockfall sites that may endanger the safety of traffic, Yi'an shall be equipped with an intercepting signal, the location of which is not less than 50m from the protection location. In areas with bad weather conditions such as storms, fog, snow, etc., or when the display distance of the intercepting signal is less than 400m, a warning signal or a repeating signal shall be provided at 300m (150m narrow railway) in front of the main signal. .
7.1.7 The loading (unloading) line shall generally be located on a slope with a slope or slope of not more than 2.5 ‰ (narrow rail not more than 3 ‰); for vehicles with rolling bearings, the slope shall be no more than 1.5 ‰.
Under special circumstances, when the locomotive does not pick up the hook, the slope of the loading and unloading line shall not exceed 15‰.
A safety gear must be provided at the end of the line.
7.1.8 The train running speed is determined by the mine, but it must be guaranteed to stop within 300m of the quasi-rail railway and 150m of the narrow-gauge railway. [next]
7.1.9 Both ends of the same shunting line are prohibited from being shunted at the same time. When adopting the slip mode to adjust the car, there must be corresponding safety braking measures. It is not allowed to brake in the running range. When the bus line is more than 2.5 ‰ (rolling bearing vehicles are larger than 1.5 ‰, narrow rail is larger than 3 ‰), the anti-slip measures must be taken.
7.1.10 When trains pass through electrified railways, high-voltage transmission lines or overpasses, personnel are prohibited from climbing the top of locomotives, coal water trucks or loaded gondola cars. After the motor car has raised the pantograph, it is forbidden to board the roof or enter the sidewalk.
7.1.11 When carrying out railway crane operations, safety measures such as stop wheel or locomotive (train) connection shall be taken according to the requirements of equipment performance and line grade.
7.1.12 For narrow-gauge manual carts, the following rules must be observed:
a. When the slope of the line is below 5‰, the distance between the front and rear vehicles shall not be less than 10m; when the slope is greater than 5‰, the spacing shall not be less than 30m; when the slope is greater than 10‰, the manual cart is prohibited.
b. When running on a self-sliding line, the driving speed must not exceed 3 m/s and there should be reliable braking or braking measures. When the mine car enters the corner, the turnout, the station and the end, it must slow down.
c. No one is allowed to board the vehicle.
d. The distance between the mine cars traveling in the same direction or opposite directions on the double track shall be not less than 0.7m. Do not walk the carter between the two lanes.
7.1.13 For narrow-gauge self-slip transport, the taxi speed of the vehicle shall not exceed 3 m/s. When the taxi speed is less than 1.5m/s, the vehicle spacing should be no less than 20m; when the taxi speed exceeds 1.5m/s, the vehicle spacing should be less than 30m.
Self-slip transportation, safety devices such as reducers or brakes should be installed along the line.
7.1.14 If the faulty line is set, the parking signal shall be set at both ends of the fault area. When the single line fails, the parking signal shall be set at the incoming end; the train shall be prohibited from running in the faulty line area before the troubleshooting and the stop signal are removed. .
7.2 Automobile transportation 7.2.1 Vehicles transporting ore (rock) in deep open pit mines shall adopt exhaust gas purification measures.
7.2.2 Dump trucks are strictly prohibited from carrying flammable and explosive materials; outdoor platforms, pedals and bodies are not allowed to carry people.
It is forbidden to lift the bucket during operation.
7.2.3 The vehicle should drive at medium speed on the road in the mining area. The sharp bend, steep slope and dangerous section should be driven at a speed limit, and the maintenance section should be slowed down. Overtaking is strictly prohibited at sharp turns.
7.2.4 The width of the road with two lanes shall ensure the safety of the vehicle. It is not advisable to use the minimum flat curve radius at the end of the steep slope. If the vehicle's line of sight does not meet the requirements at the corner, the lane should be divided.
7.2.5 When foggy weather and smoke are diffuse to affect visibility, the yellow light and the marker light should be turned on before the vehicle is decelerated, and the distance between the front and rear vehicles should not be less than 30m. When the line of sight is less than 20m, the vehicle should be suspended on the right side, and the warning lights in front of the vehicle and behind the vehicle must not be extinguished.
7.2.6 During the snow and rainy season, when the road is slippery, there should be anti-skid measures and slow down; the front and rear distance should not be less than 40m; it is forbidden to turn the steering wheel, brake, overtake or tow other vehicles; other vehicles must be towed Effective safety measures should be taken and directed by someone. [next]
7.2.7 The corners of the slopes, the filling sections with large slopes and the outside of the high-bank roadbeds shall be provided with guardrails and retaining walls.
7.2.8 For the main ramps and the long ramps of the traffic lanes, the vehicle refuge can be set up according to the operational safety requirements.
7.2.9 Road crossings with railways should be in orthogonal form. If they are required to be skewed by terrain, the angle of intersection should be no less than 45°.
A warning sign must be set at the crossing.
Before the vehicle passes through the crossing, the driver must slow down and confirm that the safety can pass.
7.2.10 It is forbidden to inspect and maintain the vehicle when loading the vehicle; the driver must not leave the cab and must not extend the head and arms outside the cab.
7.2.11 The unloading platform (including the chute, the trestle, etc.) should have sufficient shunting width. The unloading site must be equipped with a firm and reliable parking facility, and a special person command. The height of the blocking facility shall not be less than two-fifths of the maximum tire diameter of the various transport vehicles at the unloading point.
7.2.12 To disassemble the wheel and tire inflation, first check the wheel bead and the rim of the wheel. If there is any defect, it should be deflated and disassembled. Reliable safety measures must be taken when servicing under a lifted bucket.
7.2.13 It is forbidden to use the rolling method to start the vehicle, and it is strictly forbidden to slide in the downhill driving. When parking on a ramp, the driver cannot leave, he must use the parking brake and take safety measures.
7.2.14 Open-pit mine car filling stations should be located in a safe place. It is not allowed to refuel in open fires and open fires.
7.2.15 The location of the night loading and unloading vehicle should be well lit.
7.3 Transportation of Pingshuo wells 7.3.1 Determination of the location of the wells must be based on reliable engineering geological data. The chute must be placed in a location that is hard, stable, good in integrity, and has little groundwater. The chute passes through a partially unstable formation and must be reinforced.
7.3.2 The operating room of the mining system must have a safe passage. The safety passage should be higher than the transport level and should avoid opening the mine.
7.3.3 Pingyu slippery well must establish a complete ventilation and dust removal system.
7.3.4 The unloading port shall be provided with a grid screen with obvious signs, good lighting and safety guardrails.
7.3.5 The transport ramp must have a sidewalk with a width of not less than 1 m. People entering Pingyi must walk on the sidewalk.
There should be good lighting and contact signals in the flat.
7.3.6 Miscellaneous items that are prone to blockage, excessively large items, scrap steel, wood, wire rope and viscous materials with large water content are strictly prohibited from being discharged into the chute.
7.3.7 The blasting around the slip hole should be designed by a special person. The chute should have good anti-drainage facilities.
7.3.8 When working in the upper and lower mouth of the chute, non-workers are prohibited from staying nearby. It is forbidden for the operator to mine the mine opposite the slipway or on the mine car.
When a chute breaks down, collapses, or mines, it should wait until it is stable before finding out the location and cause of the accident, and formulating treatment measures; it is strictly forbidden to enter the chute from the lower part.
7.3.9 The production technology management of the Pingshuo well system should be strengthened, the management rules should be prepared, and maintenance and repairs should be carried out on a regular basis. The maintenance plan should be reported to the mine manager for approval.
7.3.10 During the rainy season, hydrogeological observations shall be strengthened to reduce the amount of ore storage and storage; when the wells are accumulated, no powder ore shall be discharged and the ore shall be suspended. Safety measures should be taken to properly dispose of water before it can be mined.
7.4 Belt Conveyor Transport [next]
7.4.1 There should be a sidewalk on both sides of the belt conveyor. The sidewalk width of the pedestrian side is not less than 1.0m; the other side is not less than 0.6m.
When the slope of the sidewalk is greater than 7°, a step should be set.
7.4.2 The maximum slope of the material transported by the non-large angle belt conveyor shall be no more than 15° upward and no more than 12° downward.
7.4.3 The operation of the belt conveyor must comply with the following regulations:
a. Non-personal belt conveyors are strictly prohibited;
b. Do not transport materials other than the specified materials and materials and equipment that are too long;
c. The maximum block size of the material should be no more than 350mm;
d. The stack width should be at least 200mm smaller than the tape width;
e. The vehicle should be stopped in time to remove the debris on the conveyor belt, the transmission wheel and the reversing wheel. It is strictly forbidden to mine under the running conveyor belt.
7.4.4 The tape safety factor of the belt conveyor should be 8~10. The steel rope safety factor of the steel cord belt conveyor should be 3.5~5.
7.4.5 The diameter of the drum of the steel cord belt conveyor shall be not less than 150 times the diameter of the steel cord core, not less than 1000 times the diameter of the steel wire, and the minimum diameter shall not be less than 400 mm.
7.4.6 Each loading point and unloading point shall be provided with fixed protection devices, electrical protection and signal lights.
7.4.7 Belt conveyors shall be provided with means to prevent the tape from being deflected, torn, reversed, tape and roller cleaning, overspeed protection, overload warning, prevention of large impact devices, and start and emergency stop along the line. Such devices and good braking devices. The steel cord belt conveyor must also be provided with a stacking rope protection device that prevents the tape grooving device and the multi-roller transmission.
7.4.8 When the fence, scraper and roller are replaced, the vehicle must be stopped, the power supply is cut off, and there is special supervision.
7.4.9 When the tape cannot be started or slipped, it is strictly forbidden to use the pedals to step on, push or pull by hand or press the bar.
7.5 Transportation of aerial ropeways 7.5.1 Transportation of aerial ropeways shall comply with GB 12141.
7.5.2 When the ropeway line passes through the factory area, residential area, railway and road, there should be safety protection measures.
7.5.3 When the cableway line crosses the power and communication overhead lines, protective measures shall be taken.
7.5.4 In case of high winds of Class 8 or above, all operations on the ropeway and on the line shall be stopped.
7.5.5 The operating part of the traction rope and the equipment in the station with a height of less than 2.5 m from the ground shall be provided with a safety cover or a protective net. A station with a height of 0.6m or more above the ground should be provided with a safety fence at the station.
7.5.6 The drive machine must be equipped with two sets of working brake and emergency brake at the same time. Any one of the devices should stop running.
7.5.7 Each station of the ropeway shall be provided with a dedicated telephone and audio signal device, and any one of them shall malfunction and shall stop running.
7.6 Slope hoisting transport 7.6.1 A sensitive and reliable stop device must be provided at the junction of the ramp and the upper yard and the intermediate yard.
7.6.2 Safety facilities such as sports car protection should be provided on the slope.
7.6.3 The speed of slope hoisting transport shall not exceed the following provisions: [next]
7.6.3.1 Maximum speed of lifting personnel or materials transported by mine car:
a. When the length of the ramp is not more than 300m, 3.5m/s;
b. When the length of the ramp is greater than 300m, 5m/s;
c. Running on the winding lane, 1.5m/s.
7.6.3.2 Maximum speed of transporting materials and ore with a bucket:
a. When the length of the ramp is not more than 300m, 5m/s;
b. When the length of the ramp is greater than 300m, 7m/s.
7.6.3.3 Acceleration or deceleration of the transport personnel, 0.5m/s2.
7.6.4 Electromechanical control system for ramp transport, limited speed protection device, short circuit and power failure protection device for main drive motor, over-roll protection device, over-speed protection device, overload and voltage-free protection device, winch operation Interlocking device between the handle and the safety brake, locking device between the hoist and the signal system, and the like.
7.6.5 When the hoist is used for emergency braking and working braking, the ratio K between the generated torque and the actual maximum static load torque shall not be less than 3. For winches with a small mass modulus, the K value of the safety brake can be appropriately reduced, but not less than 2.
When adjusting the relative position of the rotation of the double drum winch drum, the torque generated by the brake device on each drum brake wheel shall not be less than 1.2 times the rotational torque formed by the weight of the drum suspension (the sum of the weight of the rope and the weight of the transport container).
When calculating the braking torque, the friction coefficient of the brake wheel and brake shoe should be determined according to the actual measurement. Generally, 0.30~0.35 is used, and the torque of the common brake and the safety brake should be calculated separately.
7.6.6 A pedestrian step should be established along the slope.
There should be a trench or a safety retaining wall on both sides of the slope track.
7.6.7 When the slope of the slope track bed is large, measures must be taken to prevent the overall decline of the rail and the rail beam; the rail laying must be flat and the gauge distance is uniform.
In the middle of the slope track, a ground roller should be placed to hold the wire rope and keep it well lubricated.
7.6.8 The upper part of the mine silo shall be provided with anti-smashing facilities such as buffer steps, retaining plates and anti-shock chains.
The ground rail should be placed in the middle of the slope track to hold the wire rope and keep it well lubricated.
7.6.9 The ratio of the diameter of the reel to the diameter of the wire rope shall not be less than 80. The ratio of the diameter of the reel to the diameter of the steel wire shall not be less than 1200.
For wire ropes specially transporting materials, the safety factor shall not be less than 6.5; for transport personnel, it shall not be less than 9.
When the wire rope is wound in multiple layers on the reel, the flanges at both ends of the reel must be 2.5 times the height of the outer rope loop.
钢丝绳弦长不宜超过60m；超过60m时，要在绳弦中部设置支撑导轨。
7．6．10 卷扬司机、卷扬信号工、矿仓卸矿工之间应装设声光信号联络装置。联系信号必须清楚；信号中断或不清时，不得进行操作。 [next]
7．6．11 在斜坡道上，或在箕斗（矿车）、料仓里工作，必须有安全措施。
7．6．12 调整卷扬钢丝绳，必须空载、断电进行，并用工作制动。
拉紧钢丝绳或更换操作水平时，运行速度不得超过0.5m/s。
7．6．13 对钢丝绳及其相关部件，应定期进行检查与试验；发现下列情况之一时，必须更换：
a.专门运输物料的钢丝绳，在一个捻距内断丝数目达到钢丝总数的10%；
b.因紧急制动而被猛烈拉伸时，在拉伸区段有损坏或长度增加0.5%以上；
c.磨损达30%；
d.有断股或直径缩小达10%。
多层缠绕的钢丝绳，由下层转到上层的临界段必须加强检查，并且每季度应将临界段串动1/4绳圈的位置。
运输物料的钢丝绳，自悬挂之日起隔一年做第一次试验，以后每隔6个月试验一次。
箕斗钢丝绳联接套因紧急制动而拔出5mm以上，或出现其他异常危险现象时，应重新浇注连接。

8 水力开采和挖掘船开采8．1 水力开采8．1．1 水枪喷嘴至工作阶段坡底线的最小距离，应符合下列规定：
a.逆向冲采松散的砂质粘土岩，不小于阶段高度的0.8倍；冲采粘土质的致密岩土，不小于阶段高度的1.2倍。
b.远距离操纵的近冲水枪，距阶段坡底线的最小距离，应在设计中确定。
8．1．2 冲采致密岩土并进行底部掏槽时，阶段高度不得超过10m，超过10m时，应分段逆向冲采。复用尾矿时，其开采阶段高度不得超过5m。
采用水力掘沟、明槽运矿时，其堑沟宽度不得小于阶段高度的1.5倍。
8．1．3 开采洗选排弃的尾矿中的泥油层或倾角30°以上且底板较平滑的山坡砂矿，严禁逆向冲采。冲采溶洞中的沉积砂矿时，应及时处理溶洞边缘上的浮石。阶段坡面上有大块浮石时，禁止正面冲采。
8．1．4 水枪正在作业的冲采工作面，禁止人员进入边坡顶部和底部的边缘。水枪停止作业时，必须经过检查确认安全，方可进入冲采工作面，但禁止进入坡底线附近。水枪开动时，禁止人员在冲采范围内进行其他工作。
水枪突然停水，在关闭水源开关以前，严禁人员进入冲采工作面。
8．1．5 一个阶段同时有两台水枪作业时，对向冲采时相互距离应不小于水枪有效射程的2.5倍；并列冲采时相互距离应不小于水枪有效射程的1.5倍。 [next]
相邻两个阶段同时开采时，上阶段作业面必须超前下阶段作业面30m以上。
8．1．6 矿浆池上部的砂泵，应设稳固的操作平台和带扶手的梯子。平台宽度不得小于0.7m。
上面有行人的运矿沟槽，沟槽上应设盖板或金属网。深度超过2m的沟槽，应设明显标志，并禁止人员靠近。
8．1．7 敷设有管道或渡槽的栈桥，应设宽度不小于0.5m的人行通路、栏杆和梯子。
8．1．8 供配电线路，应符合下列要求：
a.固定输电线路，不得设在采掘作业区内，其与作业水枪间的距离，不得小于水枪射程的2倍；
b.采场内的移动电缆，不得从水枪射程范围内通过，并应保证绝缘良好；
c.电气线路应有良好的避雷设施。
8．1．9 泥浆管道至裸露输电线和通讯线的距离，应不小于电杆高度的1.5倍。
8．2 挖掘船开采8．2．1 挖掘作业期间，在挖掘船的首绳和边绳的岸上设置区内禁止进行其他作业。
过采区应采取防止滑坡、塌方和泥石流等灾害的措施。
8．2．2 挖掘船的安全水位和最小采幅，应在设计中规定。挖掘船工作时，干舷高不得小于0.2m；挖掘船过河时，河面标高与采池水面标高之差，不得大于0.5m；挖掘船过河段低于安全水位时，应筑坝提高水位，不宜采用超挖底板开拓法过河。
8．2．3 地表建构筑物到采池边的距离，不得小于30m；设备到采池边的距离，不得小于5m；人员到采池边的距离，不得小于2m。
8．2．4 挖掘船作业时，在其回转半径范围内，禁止一切人员和船只停留或经过。
8．2．5 在大风、大雾及洪水期间，若没有可靠的安全措施，严禁行船和调船。
8．2．6 动力电缆必须保持绝缘良好；敷设在地表部分，应有警戒标志；水上部分必须敷设在浮箱或木排上。
在船上移动和检修设备时，人员距供电电缆不得小于0.7m。
8．2．7 挖掘船上应设置水位警报、照明、信号、通讯、和救护设备。

9 排土场9．1 排土场应保证不致威胁采矿场、工业场地（厂区）、居民点、铁路、道路、耕种区、水域、隧洞等的安全。其安全距离应在设计中规定。 [next]
9．2 排土场（包括水力排土场），不宜设在工程地质或水文地质条件不良的地带，如因地基不良而影响安全，必须采取有效措施。
9．3 内部排土场不得影响矿山正常开采和边坡稳定，排土场坡脚与矿体开采点之间必须有一定的安全距离。
9．4 排土场的阶段高度、总堆置高度、平台宽度、相邻阶段同时作业的超前堆置宽度，均应在设计中明确规定。
9．5 排弃岩、土的岩土比，岩土混排或分排，应在设计中确定。不应将岩、土分层交替堆置。排土场底层宜用易透水的大块岩石。
9．6 铁路移动线路的卸车地段，必须遵守下列规定：
a.路基面应向场地内侧形成反坡；
b.线路一般应为直线，困难条件下，其最小曲线不应小于表4的规定，并须根据翻卸作业的安全要求设置外轨超高；

表4 线路平面线半径规定

c.线路尽头前的一个列车长度内，应有不小于2.5‰的反坡；
d.卸车线钢轨轨顶外侧至阶段坡顶线的距离，应不小于表5的规定；[next]

表5 轨顶外侧至阶段坡顶线的距离 mm

e.移动牵引网路始端，应设电源开关，做到先停电后移动网路。
9．7 排土场必须有可靠的截流、防洪和排水设施。
水力排土场必须有足够的调、贮洪容积，并设置防汛设施。
9．8 高阶段排土场，应有专人负责观测和管理；发现危险征兆，必须采取有效措施，及时处理。
较大的水力排土场，必须设值班室，配备通讯设施和必要的水位观测、坝体沉陷与位移观测、坝体浸润线观测等设施，并有专人负责定期观测和记录。
9．9 排土场进行排弃作业时，必须圈定危险范围，并设立警戒标志，危险范围内严禁人员进入。
9．10 在独头卸载线端部，车挡应有完好的挡栏指示和灯光示警。
独头线的起点和终点，应设置铁路障碍指示器。
9．11 汽车运输的卸排作业，必须遵守下列规定：
a.应有专人指挥，在同一地段不准同时进行卸载和推排作业；
b.卸排作业场地应经常保持平整，并保有3%~5%的反坡；
c.汽车、前装机、铲运机卸载平台的边缘，应有牢固可靠的挡车设施。
9．12 列车在卸车线上运行和卸载时，应遵守下列规定：
a.运行速度，在移动线上不超过15km/h，在排土线上不超过8km/h；
b.运行中不准卸载（曲轨侧卸式和底卸式矿车除外）；
c.卸载顺序应从尾部向机车方向依次进行，机车应以推进方式进入独头线路；
d.列车推送时，应有调车员在前引导。
9．13 排土犁推排作业应遵守下列规定：
a.推排作业线上、排土犁犁板和支出机构上，严禁站入；
b.排土犁推排岩土的行走速度，不超过5km/h。
9．14 挖掘机挖排作业时，严禁超挖卸车线路基。
9．15 人工排土时，禁止人员站在车架上卸载或在卸载侧处理粘车。
10 电气安全[next]
10．1 一般规定10．1．1 矿山电力装置应符合GBJ 70和水电部有关规范、规程的要求。
10．1．2 电气工作人员，必须按规定考核合格方准上岗，上岗应穿戴和使用防护用品、用具进行操作。维修电气设备和线路，应由电气工作人员进行。
10．1．3 电气工作人员必须熟练掌握触电急救方法。
10．1．4 在输电线路上带电作业，必须采取可靠的安全措施；并经矿总工程师批准。
10．1．5 电气设备可能被人触及的裸露带电部分，必须设置保护罩或遮栏及警示标志。
10．1．6 供电设备和线路的停电和送电，必须严格执行工作票制度。
10．1．7 在电源线路上断电作业时，该线路的电源开关把手，必须加锁或设专人看护，并悬挂“有人作业，不准送电”的警示牌。
10．1．8 两个以上单位共同使用和检修输电网路时，应共同制定安全措施，指定专人负责，统一指挥。
10．1．9 在带电的导线、设备、变压器、油开关附近，不得有损坏电气绝缘或引起电气火灾的热源。
10．1．10 在带电设备周围，不得使用钢卷尺和带金属丝的线尺。
10．1．11 熔断器、熔丝、熔片、热继电器等保险装置，使用前必须进行核对，严禁任意更换或代用。
10．1．12 采场的每台设备，必须设有专用的受电开关；停电或送电必须有工作牌。
10．1．13 矿山电气设备、线路，必须设有可靠的避雷、接地装置，并定期进行全面检查和监测，不合格的应及时更换或修复。
10．2 线路10．2．1 移动式电气设备，应使用矿用橡套电缆。
10．2．2 绝缘损坏的橡套电缆，须经修理、试验合格，方准使用。在长度150m范围内，橡套电缆接头应不超过10个，超过10个时应予以报废。
10．2．3 在停电线路上工作时，应采取验收和挂接地线等安全措施，工作完毕，应及时将地线拆除后再通电。
10．2．4 在同杆共架的多回路线中，只有部分线路停电检修时，操作人员及其所携带的工具、材料与带电体之间的安全距离：10kV及以下，不得小于1.0m；35（20~44）kV，不得小于2.5m。
10．2．5 从变电所至采场边界以及采场内爆破安全地带的供电线路，应使用固定线路，并宜采用环形供电。
10．2．6 导线至地面或水面的距离，在最大计算弧垂情况下，应不小于表6所列数值。 [next]

表6 导线至地面或水在的最小距离 m

注：①交通困难地区是指车辆、农业机械不能到达的地区。
②最高水位，对35kV线路指百年一遇的高水位，对10kV及以下线路是指50年一遇的高水位。
导线至山坡、峭壁、岩石的净距，在最大计算风偏情况下，应不小于表7所列数值。

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