Large-scale implementation of water-saving irrigation mechanization is a breakthrough

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] With the continuous improvement of the level of agricultural mechanization, China's agriculture is making great strides toward the direction of modernization. However, China has a small area of ​​cultivated land and lack of water resources is a realistic condition for China's agricultural development. Especially in recent years, extreme weather is frequent. For example, last year, the serious El Niño phenomenon caused different degrees of drought in most parts of northern China. By relying on the days of eating, it is only dependent on artificial irrigation.

Large-scale implementation of water-saving irrigation mechanization is a breakthrough

In the face of water shortage, how to develop water-saving agriculture is one of the key issues to be considered in the development of modern agriculture in China. This year’s No. 1 Document of the Central Committee clearly stated that “the large-scale implementation of water-saving agriculture will focus on agricultural water conservation as a directional and strategic event, and accelerate the improvement of the state’s policy to support agricultural water conservation.” The National Agricultural Work Conference also pointed out that Develop water-saving agriculture.

“Traditional irrigation models such as flood irrigation are urgently needed to change”

“China has a population of 1.339 billion, and the cultivated land area is 2.03 billion mu. The average annual fertilizer use is 59 million tons and the grain output is 600 million tons. The total amount of water resources is 2.8 trillion m3/a, of which the surface water is about 2 trillion m3/ a, groundwater is about 0.8 trillion m3/a. The total amount of water resources accounts for 6% of the world, and the per capita water resources is 1/4 of the world, ranking 109th in the world. The annual water consumption is 580 billion cubic meters, of which agricultural water consumption is 360 billion square meters. 62%. That is to say, China uses 9% of cultivated land, 6% of water resources and 30% of fertilizer to produce 26% of the world's agricultural products, and provides 20% of the population." Gao Xiangzhao, an expert from the National Agricultural Technology Service Center, introduced . It can be seen from the above data that China's agricultural production shows a situation of “more fertilizer, less land, and water shortage”. “It is in this case that in order to ensure a steady increase in grain output, we have planted many places that should not be cultivated. Gao Xiangzhao expressed concern about the development of agricultural production in China. "The proportion of cultivated land with better basic conditions is small. In order to improve production efficiency, in rural areas, high intensity, off-season, continuous planting, etc. are common, and extensive production methods have resulted in The serious waste of water resources has seriously accelerated the salinization of cultivated land and the increasing environmental pressure.” Indeed, too extensive agricultural production methods will not only lead to water waste, environmental pollution, but also cause poor quality and high risk of agricultural products. The problems of low efficiency have directly affected the development of modern agriculture in China, and it is impossible to raise the income of farmers.

The data shows that China's water shortage in the normal years is nearly 40 billion cubic meters, of which agriculture accounts for 30 billion cubic meters, and the annual agricultural losses caused by water shortage exceed 150 billion yuan. At the same time, agriculture is also an industry with a huge amount of water. For a long time, China's agricultural water consumption accounts for 70% of the total water consumption. This proportion even exceeds 80% in the water-deficient areas such as the Northwest, and the agricultural structure-type water shortage is prominent. According to statistics, only 40% of all cultivated land in China can ensure irrigation. Agricultural water shortage has greatly limited the output of China's grain. Developing water-saving irrigation technology is the key to solving major problems such as water shortage, food security and ecological protection in China. At present, all regions in China are vigorously carrying out the whole mechanization promotion of major crop production. Mechanized irrigation is still in a very weak link in field management. Traditional irrigation modes such as flood irrigation are still widespread in rural agricultural production. change.

“Currently is a good time to develop water-saving agriculture”

Gao Xiangzhao said that green development and environmental conservation are the current development situation of agriculture in China. The development of water-saving agriculture is highly fitting to this situation. Since 2008, many years of the Central Document No. 1 and the Central Water Conservancy Work Conference have called for water-saving irrigation as a major strategic measure to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture with sustainable use of water resources. This year's Central Document No. 1 clearly put forward specific implementation measures for the development of water-saving agriculture, including “increase water-saving renovation and construction of large and medium-sized irrigation and drainage backbone projects, simultaneously improve field water-saving facilities, build modern irrigation districts, and vigorously implement regional scale. The water-saving irrigation project will steadily promote the construction of water-saving irrigation forage materials in pastoral areas, strictly limit the extraction of groundwater irrigation artificial grassland in ecologically fragile areas, establish and improve the standard system of agricultural water-saving technology products, and accelerate the development of a complete range of matching and reliable performance sections. Water irrigation technology and products, vigorously popularize water-saving irrigation technologies such as irrigation and drip irrigation, increase the promotion of aquaculture and water conservation such as water and fertilizer integration, comprehensively promote the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices, implement the main responsibility of local governments, and accelerate the establishment of a reasonable water price formation mechanism and festival. The water incentive mechanism, the implementation of water quota management across the country, the implementation of the county water-saving society construction standards assessment, the implementation of the third national water resources survey and evaluation, "this shows that the current development of China's water-saving agriculture is a good time." China Research on farmland irrigation research institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lu Mouchao confidence in the future development of water saving agriculture in China.