Forklifts refer to wheeled handling vehicles that handle the loading and unloading of palletized cargo, stacking, short-distance transport, and heavy-duty handling. When the hydraulic system is in operation, it will generate hydraulic energy conversion losses and hydraulic system energy transmission losses. Power and energy loss and other unfavorable factors make the working efficiency of the hydraulic system drop. Therefore, the hydraulic system of the forklift is improved. Creating new energy-saving control technologies is of particular importance.
1, energy loss
When the forklift is working, it is working while driving. The load changes frequently and the range of change is large. There are three energy conversions when the hydraulic system is working, including the hydraulic pump producing high pressure oil, converting the mechanical energy into pressure energy; the actuator and the hydraulic element convert the pressure energy of the oil into mechanical energy and heat. The entire energy conversion and transmission process is accompanied by energy loss. At the same time, the mismatch between the engine, the pump, the valve, and the load also generates a large energy loss.
2, power matching energy loss
The operating environment of the forklift is different from that of the operating object, and the power requirements for the engine are also different, the adjustment characteristics of the engine, and the characteristic curve of the engine. When the engine and the hydraulic pump work together, it can be seen from the engine speed regulation characteristics and universal characteristics that the position of each speed adjusting rod of the engine corresponds to the best energy-saving working point and maximum power point, and is used as the engine and the hydraulic pump and most The best match is to adjust the absorbed power of the hydraulic pump. Due to the variability of the workload of the forklift, the absorption power of the hydraulic pump changes, causing the engine speed to deviate from the optimal node.
3, hydraulic source energy conversion loss
When the forklift hydraulic system is working, there is a gap between the relative moving parts in the hydraulic pump body and the seal between the joint surfaces is not strict, which causes the hydraulic pump to leak and cause system power loss; the oil has a certain viscosity and flows through the pump body surface when there is a certain viscosity. Energy loss due to flow resistance; loss of energy due to cavitation under negative pressure conditions and volumetric compression under high pressure conditions; too high oil absorption resistance, large oil viscosity, and excessive pump speed during oil absorption The reason is that the oil cannot fully fill the sealed working chamber and the like causes a volume loss and the efficiency of the pump is reduced.
4, the hydraulic system energy transmission loss
Forklift truck hydraulic system usually consists of several pipelines in series, each of which is connected in series with devices that form local resistance such as elbows, control valves, filters, pipe joints, etc. When hydraulic oil flows through pipes, elbows, When the control valve and pipe joints and other edges and pressure loss and partial pressure loss; hydraulic cylinders and other operating elements due to the design and processing process is not reasonable, the friction pair contact area friction loss. These pressure and frictional losses change the fluid resistance and the amount of heat when the fluid flows, causing the oil temperature of the hydraulic system to be too high. According to relevant statistics, when the oil temperature of the hydraulic system of the forklift exceeds 85 degrees Celsius, the aluminum shell with a large expansion coefficient generates a secondary sweeping phenomenon, the hydraulic valve is easily jammed, the lifting speed of the lifting cylinder drops significantly, and the seal and the high pressure hose are reduced. Easy to age, the small holes and crevices of components are easy to plug.
I hope relevant people will see this article will improve the forklift hydraulic system.
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