At present, there are two types of autoclaves: vertical and horizontal. The mixing methods include mechanical agitation, airflow (vapor or air) agitation and airflow-mechanical mixing. The structure of the commonly used whistle air agitated high pressure tag is shown in Figure 5. It shows that the slurry enters from the lower end of the kettle, mixes with the compressed air, enters the kettle from the nozzle through the vortex whistle, rises in the turbulent state in the puffer, and then discharges into the self-evaporator through the discharge pipe (decompression, self-evaporator) The structure is shown in Fig. 6. The slurry and high-pressure air are ejected and expanded at a high speed in the self-evaporator, and the pressure suddenly drops to normal pressure, and the generated vapor absorbs energy, which lowers the temperature of the slurry. The decompressed slurry is discharged from the bottom of the evaporator, and the gas separated from the liquid is discharged from the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust gas can be used to preheat the slurry. The heating and cooling of the slurry in the autoclave is generally carried out by means of steam jacket heating or water cooling.
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The structure of the horizontal mechanical stirring autoclave is shown in Fig. 7. The kettle is divided into four chambers with partition walls between the chambers, and a weir in the center of the partition wall to keep the liquid level of each chamber with a difference in positioning. The slurry enters the first chamber, passes through the other three chambers in turn, and is finally decompressed through an automatically controlled pneumatic membrane regulating valve and discharged out of the kettle. Each chamber has a mechanical agitator, and air is sent to each chamber by a blast distribution branch located under the agitator.
(3) Solid-liquid separation
Both the agitated leaching slurry and the chemical precipitation suspension require solid-liquid separation. The selected suspension (or slurry) is often corrosive, with solid particles that are fine and often contain some colloidal particles. Therefore, the solid-liquid separation of the chemical separation process is generally more difficult than the dewatering of physical mineral processing products. Solid-liquid separated solid portion (underflow or cake) is often a considerable amount of entrained mechanical solution, in order to improve the metal recovery products and prevent contamination of the solid portion should be fully washed.
The leaching slurry can be subjected to solid-liquid separation by sedimentation, decantation, filtration or classification, and the sediment suspension can be subjected to solid-liquid separation by sedimentation, decantation and filtration. The washing method of the separated solid portion varies depending on the purpose. If the solution is recovered and the solid is discarded, the countercurrent washing method is generally used. Conversely, if the solid is recovered and the solution is discarded, the cross-flow washing method is used to improve the washing efficiency.
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