Historical development and classification of ore dressing shaker

The shaker belongs to the flow film dressing type equipment, which is developed from the plane chute and is self-contained by its asymmetric reciprocating motion. All shakers are composed of three parts: the bed ant, the frame and the transmission mechanism. The bed surface is trapezoidal or diamond-shaped, with 1 in the lateral direction. ~5. Tilting, the ore tank and the water supply tank are arranged above the slope, and the bed strip is arranged longitudinally on the bed surface, and the height thereof is lowered from the transmission end to the opposite side.

The entire bed surface is supported by the frame, and a transmission device is installed at one end of the bed surface, and the latter can have a rapid return motion characteristic when the bed surface is approached to the end, that is, a so-called differential motion.

Shaker apparatus used is selected from the fine ore fraction, the process effective particle size range selected from the tick metal ore is 3 ~ O.019 mm, particle size up to 10 mm when the upper limit is selected from coal. The outstanding advantage of the shaker is that the sorting accuracy is high, and a high-grade concentrate or waste tailings can be obtained by one sorting, and multiple products can be taken out at the same time.

The flat shaker is easy to handle and easy to adjust. The main disadvantage is that the equipment covers a large area and the processing capacity per unit of factory area is low.

The application of the shaker has been nearly 100 years old. The original shaker used the impact to cause asymmetric reciprocating movement of the bed surface. It was made in 1890 for coal preparation. The dressing shaker was made by A. Wilfley from 1896 to 1898 with an eccentric bracket mechanism. In 1918, Plat-O made another transmission mechanism with a cam lever. These two shaker head structures have been improved and are still in use today. After the Second World War, Germany made a fast shaker for eccentric drive. In 1964, China successfully developed an inertial spring-type shaker, which has been promoted and applied in production.

In order to solve the problem of large area of ​​the shaker. The bed is oriented towards multi-layering and centrifugation. In the 1950s, China made a double-layer shaker, a four-layer shaker and a six-layer mud shaker. However, because the inertia of the bed surface was difficult to balance and was not allowed to be wide, the former Soviet Union had developed a double-layer three-layer shaker. In the 1960s, the United Kingdom made double-layer and three-layer shakers made of FRP, and each bed had a separate transmission mechanism. In order to solve the large processing capacity of the coal preparation plant, West Germany built a multi-layered tower. These multi-layer shakers still follow the original seated installation and cannot be placed on the floor in large quantities.

In 1957, the United States first developed a multi-eccentric inertia gear head, followed by a multi-layer suspension shaker, which was a major innovation in the structure of the shaker. In 1975, China also made this type of shaker and applied it to production.

The centrifugal shaker is formed by making the bed surface curved, and the plurality of bed surfaces are surrounded by a cylinder, and the slit is opened in the axial direction, and the vibration is used to strengthen the sorting process by centrifugal force in the swinging motion. Good sorting results were obtained in industrial trials but were not promoted due to the complexity of the structure.

China introduced a rat shaker in 1913. At present, there are a large number of shakers for sorting tungsten, tin , antimony , antimony and gold-bearing ores. Only 1784 sets of shakers (1986) were used in Yunxi Company. The output of tin concentrates accounted for about 86% of the total. In foreign countries, there are still more shakers for coal (without iron sulfide), but there are not many applications in China's coal preparation plants. Table 11.5.1 lists the types of shakers used in China.

The type of classification shaker of the beneficiation shaker is mainly divided according to the combination of the bed head, the bed surface, the support mechanism and the slope control device. The classification of industrial shakers in China is listed in Table 11.5.1. In addition, it can be classified according to other structures and applications.

According to the configuration of the bed surface, there are left and right types. Standing on the bedside to see the bed, if the mine is on the left side is the left-style shaker, on the right is the right-style shaker; depending on the installation method, there are seated and suspended points, according to the number of waste layers There are single-layer shaker and multi-layer shaker. According to different treatment materials, there are different types of processing shaker and shaker for coal preparation. According to the ore particle size, there are ore (2~0.2 mm) shaker and slime (1 O.2 mm) Shaker. The ore shaker can be further divided into coarse sand (2-0.5 mm). Shaker and fine sand (O.5.-0.2 mm) shaker.

The bed surface is a sorted work surface. The shape is trapezoidal, diamond-shaped, etc., almost all of China adopts trapezoidal bed surface, the advantage is easy to configure. The triangular belt-free belt of the trapezoidal bed surface is cut and connected to the lower tailings side to form a diamond-shaped bed surface, which can effectively utilize the sorting surface and prolong the sorting time. All beds are arranged with bed strips that run parallel to the drive direction. However, there is also a section in which the middle section is arranged in a slant shape to form a corrugated bed (see Figure 11.5.18). Light minerals are easily removed in the slanted strip area, which helps to increase equipment handling capacity and increase metal recovery.

Bed material for manufacturing structural wood, FRP (glass fiber reinforced polyester resin), and an aluminum alloy. The wooden structure bed is covered with rubber and nailed with wooden bed strips or bonded plastic rubber bed strips.

The surface of Yunxi Company was painted with ash (a mixture of raw lacquer and calcined gypsum ), and later changed to a polyurethane coating. The wooden bed surface has a long construction period and is easily deformed and damaged. In recent years, FRP beds have been promoted. The bed surface is a composite structure of a steel skeleton and a glass steel, and the working surface is coated with a wear-resistant layer of corundum resin. The bed can be directly molded on the bed surface, light weight (300--350 kg), low cost and short manufacturing period. Its expected service life can be more than 10 years. The aluminum alloy bed has a light weight, a flat surface, no deformation and a long service life, but the cost is high. China is only used in semi-industrial equipment (width to the mine end × width of the end of the mine × length = 1050 X 800 × 2100 mm).

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