1. Applications in the agricultural sector The basic objective is to increase production and increase profits in agricultural production. To achieve the goal of increasing productivity and efficiency, in addition to timely planting of high-yield crops and strengthening of field management and other technical measures, clarifying the nature of the soil, detecting crop yield, distribution, rational fertilization, and sowing and spraying pesticides are also important management techniques in agricultural production. In particular, modern agricultural production is on the road to large-scale agriculture and mechanization. A large number of airplanes are used to broadcast and spray pesticides. It is also very important to reduce investment costs and how to guide aircraft operations to deliver accurately.
Using GPS technology, together with remote sensing technology (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), it can monitor the distribution of crop yields, distribution of soil components and properties, make rational fertilization, sowing and spraying pesticides, save costs, reduce costs, and increase The purpose of improving production efficiency. Using differential GPS technology can do:
1.1 Soil nutrient distribution survey Prior to sowing, a sample vehicle suitable for operation in farmland may be used to collect soil samples in farmland according to certain requirements. A GPS receiver and a computer are arranged on the vehicle, and the computer is equipped with geographic information system software. When collecting the sample, the GPS receiver accurately measures the position of the sample collection point and inputs it into the computer. The computer calibrates the sampling point according to the geographic information system and draws a distribution map of the soil sample points.
1.2 Monitoring crop yields Computers, yield monitors, and GPS receivers on combine harvesters constitute a crop yield monitoring system. Different monitors are required for different crops. For example, monitors that monitor corn production. When harvesting corn, the monitor records the number of spikes and the yield of corn, and the GPS receiver records the location of the harvested corn. The computer finally draws a picture of the yield of each piece of land. The yield map. Through the comprehensive analysis of soil nutrient content maps, relevant factors affecting crop yield can be identified, and specific field fertilization management work can be performed.
1.3 Reasonable fertilization and precise agricultural management are based on the soil nutrient content map of the farmland. The “Controlled Application†sprinkler equipped with a GPS receiver is able to accurately give the field’s value under the control of the GPS based on the soil nutrient content distribution map. For each point of fertilization, the type and amount of fertilizer applied are controlled by the computer based on the nutrient content map.
In the management of crop growth period, crop color change maps can be drawn using remote sensing images combined with GPS. Using GPS to collect a certain amount of soil and crop samples for analysis, a series of soil content distribution maps at different stages of crop growth can be plotted. This allows for precise management of crop growth.
Using aircraft for sowing, fertilizing, weeding, and other work is expensive. Reasonable deployment of routes and accurate guidance of aircraft will greatly save the cost of aircraft operations. According to foreign countries, the use of differential GPS for aircraft precision navigation is estimated to reduce investment by 50%. In specific applications, the use of GPS differential positioning technology can reduce the lateral overlap of aircraft when spraying chemical fertilizers and herbicides, save the amount of fertilizers and herbicides, and avoid excessive use of crops. It also reduces turn overlaps, avoids waste, and saves resources. For spraying at night, it has more advantages. Because nighttime evaporation and drift losses are small, and additionally plant pores are open at night, it is easier to absorb herbicides and fertilizers, improving weeding and fertilizing efficiency. Relying on differential GPS for precise navigation, guiding agricultural implements for night-time spraying and field operations can save a lot of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
The application of GPS technology in the field of agriculture is not only a large-scale planting. In small areas of farmland, especially in a small area where the grid is planted, small automation equipment can be used, combined with differential GPS navigation equipment, electronic monitoring and control circuits, and can be adapted. The need for scientific farming, precise management. This type of investment is low, easy to install, and flexible to operate.
In short, GPS technology will play an important role in agriculture. In China, it is still necessary to actively carry out research on the application of agriculture and the development of related equipment. Especially in the Great Plains region, where large-scale mechanized production is used, attention should be paid to the application of GPS technology in farmland operations and management.
2. Application in Forestry Management GPS technology determines the area of ​​forest area, estimates the amount of wood, calculates the area of ​​harvestable wood, determines the location of the original forest, the road, and measures the surrounding of forest fires, the search for water sources, and the determination of regional boundaries. Unique and important role. It is difficult to conduct routine measurements in the forest, and GPS positioning technology can exert its superiority, accurately determine the location and area of ​​the forest, and draw accurate forest distribution maps.
2.1 Determine the forest distribution area.
The US Bureau of Forestry sells wood based on the area of ​​the forest area and the density of trees in the area. The closure of the wood area measured by the school must be less than 1%. In a forest area surveyed by a theodolite, GPS was used along the perimeter of the forest area and around the corner to perform GPS positioning measurements and to correct the deviation. The error between the obtained results and the measured area was 0.03%. This experiment proved that the surveyors only need to Using GPS technology and corresponding software to use helicopters along the perimeter of the forest area can measure the forest area. In the past, measuring the area of ​​the sold wood required calculating the area by measuring the corners of each area and measuring along the perimeter. When using GPS to measure, measurements were taken along each point along the periphery, and the accuracy of the measurement was very high and reliable. The traditional method will be eliminated.
2.2 GPS technology is used for forest fire prevention.
Using real-time differential GPS technology, the US Forest Service and the California Jet Propulsion Laboratory jointly developed the "FRIREFLY" program. It installed a thermal infrared system and a GPS receiver on the aircraft's loop governor, used these on-board devices to determine the location of the fire and reported it quickly to the ground station. Another plan is to use helicopters or light fixed-wing aircraft to fly along the perimeter of the fire and record location data. After landing, the data is processed and the perimeter of the fire is mapped to take further measures to eliminate forest fires.
3. Applications in tourism and field trips In tourism and field trips, such as trips to scenic areas, trips to pristine forests, snow-capped mountains canyons, or desert areas, GPS receivers are your most faithful Wizard. You can always know where you are and the speed and direction of walking, so that you will not be lost. Currently, handheld navigation receivers have been introduced. It is expected that a wristwatch-style GPS navigation receiver will be produced soon. It is more convenient to carry and use. It can be said that the application of GPS will enter people's daily life, and its application prospects are very broad.
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