Chinese network Reuters drying due multinational drought, international food prices rose 50% in the short term, does not affect how food security precondition replace oil with biofuels, once again become a global focus. At the Sino-U.S. Advanced Biofuels Symposium held on August 24th, the experts proposed that the development of the biofuel industry should limit the production scale of a generation of biofuels, and gradually shift to non-food materials; vigorously develop 1.5 generations of biofuels; accelerate the second generation Biofuel R & D and demonstration project construction; promote the development of third-generation algae oil production.
The food crisis has become increasingly prominent, and it has become global consensus to limit the scale of development of a generation of biofuels represented by corn. At present, Brazil and the United States have cancelled financial subsidies for a generation of fuel ethanol, and China has firmly halted the grain ethanol production project.
The second-generation cellulosic ethanol is based on lignocellulose with the largest amount of reserves. It is the development direction of biofuels with the most resources in the world today. Experts at the meeting believed that breakthroughs have been made in laboratory-scale research on second-generation cellulosic ethanol and third-generation algae oil production, and it is expected that the food crisis, oil crisis, and environmental crisis will be comprehensively resolved and research and development and demonstration projects should be accelerated. For example, Novozymes' Norit Xcel-Gene (CTec3) enzyme preparation product, which produces the same amount of cellulosic ethanol, requires only one-fifth of the enzyme preparation to be added.
However, Dr. Jeff Steiner and Dr. Chris Wright, both responsible for biofuels from the US Department of Agriculture and the Department of Energy, have stated that the pretreatment process for lignocellulose to obtain fermentable sugars is relatively complex. Due to technical limitations, as of the end of 2011, there was still no commercialization of cellulosic ethanol products worldwide.
Experts suggest that in the area of ​​cellulosic ethanol, key issues such as carbon pentasaccharide fermentation and high-pretreatment methods for lignocellulose should be tackled. The key to algae biofuels lies in the study of water cycles and value-added products.
As cellulosic ethanol is temporarily unavailable for industrialization, some researchers have turned to 1.5 generations of biofuels to study ethanol production from sugar- or starch-rich crops. One of the most striking is the use of sorghum as a raw material. A few days ago, the US Environmental Protection Agency added Gaochun to the list of raw materials for advanced biofuels. Prof. Bill Rooney from Texas A&M University shared a sweet sorghum variety with a growth period of only 90 days, which can significantly improve land use efficiency. Prof. Li Shizhong from Tsinghua University introduced a model of using advanced solid fermentation technology to ferment sweet sorghum stalks into ethanol, distiller's grains as feed, and cow manure produced from feed cattle to produce biogas and organic fertilizers. This route has already achieved industrial demonstration.
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