In the past 6 to 7 years, China's expenditure on importing MOCVD equipment was about 10 billion yuan, of which local government subsidies amounted to about 7 billion yuan.
The complete import of MOCVD equipment is tax-free, and some of the key parts that need to be imported in the domestic MOCVD manufacturing process are subject to customs duties, making the domestic equipment at a disadvantage at this stage.
For many high-tech fields such as LED, PV, electric vehicles, communications (including wireless communication and fiber-optic communication), MOCVD is undoubtedly a very important and critical device, because the devices and chips used in many related systems are derived from Epitaxial wafers grown and fabricated by MOCVD. However, for many years, domestic MOCVD has been relying on imports, and foreign equipment has occupied the majority of the share. This situation is in urgent need of change.
In the past 6 to 7 years, China’s use of MOCVD equipment has cost about US$1.5 billion, of which local government subsidies amounted to about 7 billion yuan.
Currently, VEECO in the US and Aixtron in Germany monopolize nearly 95 markets worldwide. In the past 6 to 7 years, China's expenditure on importing MOCVD equipment was about 1.5 billion US dollars, about 10 billion yuan, of which local government subsidies amounted to about 7 billion yuan. For the development of the semiconductor lighting industry, it is not necessary to question the key equipment needed to purchase huge amounts of money. Unfortunately, we have spent so much money and finally have no core equipment technology and key components.
When existing equipment and technology lag behind, no longer have a competitive advantage, or even be eliminated, or when we need more equipment, we still have to spend huge sums of money to buy new equipment from foreign companies. When we need to make some improvements or to add our own technology and ideas, the original extortion requires a high cost to cooperate with us to make some limited changes and modifications. Usually, the cost they need is unaffordable for our general domestic companies. The final result is no longer, keep the original. Therefore, for many years, China should be their biggest customer, or a first-class customer, but they get a third-rate treatment. Under this circumstance, it is difficult for Chinese MOCVD users to develop their own real core technologies and intellectual property rights, because the really important process technology must be bundled with equipment. The national authorities have seen the importance of MOCVD, so it is clearly stated in the 12th Five-Year Plan that the localization of MOCVD equipment will be realized by 2015.
In 2013, China made a big step forward in the localization of MOCVD equipment, and achieved phased results in marketing. The MOCVD equipment developed by Guangda Optoelectronics, Zhongwei Semiconductor, Zhonghao and other companies has been recognized and verified by their respective users, and has received many positive comments, sweeping away the haze of the past. Everyone saw the hope of localization of MOCVD equipment from a large number of experimental results. It is the unremitting efforts of these companies in recent years that people have been dispelling the doubts about whether MOCVD can be localized for many years, making MOCVD localization gradually become a reality. From a technical point of view, in the early stage, domestic MOCVD was mainly tried and developed on existing mature platforms, some adopt high-speed rotation technology, some mainly use sprinkler technology, and some adopt horizontal laminar flow. , or the grafting and combination of two of the above three technologies. In any case, it turns out that the existing domestic equipment has reached the level of the existing imported equipment in the performance indicators of the basic process and the output of the epitaxial chip. Therefore, MOCVD localization has achieved initial success in technology development and technology landing, and completed the first phase of the goal. Of course, there is still a lot of work to be done in terms of mass production, reliability, repeatability, cost reduction, localization of key components, further innovation and optimization of various indicators.
Chongyang psychology hinders domestic equipment. People's superstitions about imported equipment and suspicion of domestic equipment make it easier to import equipment and do not want to take any risks.
The localization of MOCVD faces many challenges. In addition to the above-mentioned technology development and landing, the bigger challenge lies in people's doubts about domestic MOCVD.
Let's start with people's superstition about imported equipment and doubts about domestic equipment. Due to various historical and objective reasons, the current reality is that Chinese people are generally superstitious and love imported goods. Everyone knows this. More importantly, both Aixtron and Veeco have nearly 30 years of experience in MOCVD equipment development and manufacturing. How can a Chinese MOCVD company with a history of only 3 years can produce 30 years of experience? The MOCVD equipment that competes with the mature products of international companies is a big question mark in the minds of many people. Therefore, at the beginning, everyone held a skeptical and wait-and-see attitude, waiting for others to try it out, mature and reuse, want to be a beneficiary, do not want to participate, do not want to pay, how can domestic MOCVD have a chance? Therefore, in order to accept and believe in domestic MOCVD, MOCVD manufacturers must pay a considerable price, including subsidies to customers who are willing to try, bear all or most of the costs. And in doing so, it is not always possible to sign an order. This reality has caused MOCVD manufacturing companies to withstand enormous financial and psychological pressures while also taking on many commercial uncertainties and risks.
One exemption, one reduction, one payment, the MOCVD equipment imported into the country is completely tax-free and has local subsidies, and the purchase of domestic equipment requires full payment.
Look at the industry and market environment. Since the high subsidies for imported MOCVD began in Yangzhou in 2009, various localities have followed suit, resulting in the number of MOCVD purchases in China during the three years from 2010 to 20 years. During this period, China imported a total of about 700 MOCVD equipment, making it the largest market in the world. Aixtron and Veeco2 companies are also earning a lot of money. In fact, during this time, China's LED lighting industry does not need so many MOCVD machines. Due to the huge amount of subsidies and the minimum number of purchases, many companies have to blindly purchase a large number of MOCVD machines, resulting in a phased overcapacity in MOCVD.
In the second half of 20 years to 2013, China's LED lighting industry has also experienced a phenomenon similar to three-year natural disasters, and the industry is in a slump. China's market demand is not so large, Europe, the United States, Japan's economy is sluggish, MOCVD's epitaxial chip capacity is far greater than the actual market application demand, resulting in the Chinese LED industry has never been a downturn. At the worst of times, the use rate of MOCVD is only about 30, and most of the equipment is idle. It is in such a large environment that domestic MOCVD is born. Therefore, some people lament that China's MOCVD equipment is not in time. Due to the cancellation of orders and changes in some LED chip factory expansion plans, the two international companies have a large inventory. They processed half-price after the financial accounts were processed, which made the MOCVD market environment even worse. Moreover, from the perspective of tariffs, at present, the import of complete MOCVD equipment is tax-free, and some key parts that need to be imported in the domestic MOCVD manufacturing process are subject to customs duties. This one-off reduction makes the domestic MOCVD at the current stage almost impossible to compete with imported equipment in terms of cost and price. What is more serious is that some local governments have not implemented the subsidy policy for MOCVD. According to the original plan, they still have 100~200 MOCVD subsidies in their hands. They can still be used. That is to say, according to the original plan, if you buy imported MOCVD equipment, you may get a subsidy of 5 million to 10 million yuan per unit, but if you buy a domestic one, you may have to pay the full amount. How does this called domestic MOCVD compete?
Domestic MOCVD faces the above difficulties, and the government has no clear rescue measures and plans. Local government subsidies, tariff policies, and somehow block the localization of MOCVD. Foreign companies are using these policies to implement dumping in China, thus continuing to occupy the Chinese market. We call on the central and local government departments to take action to help solve these problems and prevent the localization of MOCVD from being killed in the cradle. Only MOCVD has achieved localization, and China's LED lighting industry will have a foundation, and will truly have a voice in the international arena. Other optoelectronic industries and power electronics, telecommunications, electric vehicles and other industries will also benefit greatly.
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